An integrated approach for identification and quantification of ecological drought in rivers from an ecological streamflow perspective

Although various studies have investigated the impacts of climate variability and human activities on drought, researches specifically analysing impact ecological drought are still limited. A deep understanding climatic anthropogenic effects processes is crucial for regulation management in changing environments. In present study, an integrated approach comprehensive quantification rivers was proposed which first applied nonparametric kernel density estimation (KDE) method to calculate most suitable streamflow (MSES) a river ecosystem. Then, variable threshold level based MSES each month run theory were identify duration deficit volumes. Finally, hydrological model simulation attribute drought. The two catchments, Xianyang (XY) Huaxian (HX) within Weihe River Basin (WRB) northern China. Comparison results obtained using empirical methods revealed that calculated KDE reasonable can be used identification. identification showed both median upper quartile values volumes during disturbed period (1991–2017) greater than those undisturbed (1961–1990). Quantification dominant factor aggravating WRB after 1990. contribution rates toward variations 25.6% 74.4%, respectively, XY station 42.7% 57.3%, HX station. selected as case also other regions provide scientific guidance regional management.